Auguries of Innocence by William Blake critical overview

In this poem Blake narrates multiple scenes that seem to have no connection between each other.The poem conveys several different things about the natural world where we live in. The poem is written with such great conciseness and precision, making it impossible not to empathize with all the protagonists and their inner struggle. In the first stanza, Blake says " To see a world in a grain of sand,  and a heaven in a wild flower" Blake is telling us two things. First, if we consider the world like a grain of sand, it tells us that the world is not as big as we think it is. All around the world, people tend to have the same problems and the same unresolved issues in their life. From my point of view, Blake is reminding us that at the end of the day we are not so different. The second verse on the other hand, contains a contradiction. How could there be heaven in a wild flower? Blake is telling us that things are usually not perfect in our natural world, and also that everyone does not have the same opinion about things.  Afterwards, Blake makes several animal images. In reality he is impersonating people through animals. The Robin redbreast symbolises a prisoner who is locked up. The dove house could be an image  of a country where there is a conflict, since "Shudders hell thro’ all its regions". The dog that is starving, could be an image of a beggar slowly becoming weaker, since no one is taking care of him anymore. The horse on the other hand, shows human cruelty. The horse could be a human slave, that " calls  to heaven for human blood". There are many other animal images, and they are all used to convey the same message: the downfall of the world, and all the suffering that comes into play. Blake was very religious, he wrote this poem to show how the natural world has changed overtime and how innocence has been lost in all living beings, and how we will all be 'judged" at the end of our life. The reason why this poem is so long, and is full of turn of events is because Blake tries to mimic living being's life. Full of challenges, ups and downs and difficulties. On line 53, Blake says that " A truth that's told with bad intent, beats all the lies you can invent" . Blake means that human beings tend to be selfish and insecure. If someone tells you something not because they want you to fix it, but just to point it out and feel better about themselves is worse then just telling a lie.

In my opinion, the most interesting part of the poem are the last verses. They are powerful and intense, and conclude the poem in a harsh yet strong way that leaves the reader lost in wonder. " We are led to believe a lie when we see not thro' the eye, which was born in a night to perish in a nigh," I personally think that this is the most beautiful verse of the poem.  When I first read it, I immediately though of dictators or even just a president. "We are led to believe a lie" meaning that if someone imposes, their way of thinking, and this person is in power, people will tend to think like him. The best example would be Hitler in World War two, when Germany lost World War one, the entire country was devastated. People did not believe in anything anymore, so when Hitler came to power imposing his racist ideology, Germany's population blindly followed him, "Led to believe a lie, when we see not thro' the eye". "Which was born in a night to perish in a night" is fascinating too, because it illustrates  how weak the ideologies really are. When Benito Mussolini came to power in Italy, everyone including my grandmother believed in him and thought of him as the "Savior of Italy".  When the fascism collapsed, almost everyone turned against him. His body, after being kicked and shot, was hung upside down in a gas station, and the body was then stoned by civilians.This example is to demonstrate, how an ideology that was acclaimed and applauded one day, could "perish in a night". The last verse " God appears and God is light (...) to those who dwell in realms of day" is used to illustrate the final judgment. Suffering throughout your existence is worth it, because you will be saved. "But does a human form display" illustrates the idea that God is always with us no matter what. He is always around, and his presence is in all of us.

And did those feet in ancient time by William Blake critical overview

The poem by William Blake that is generally known as “Jerusalem” is probably the best known of his works, although it was not given that title by its author. Blake did write a poem called “Jerusalem”, but it is one of his immensely long “Prophetic Books”, written between 1804 and 1820, that is little read today.
What we know as “Jerusalem” forms part of the preface (otherwise in prose) to another of his Prophetic Books, namely “Milton”, that dates from 1804-08. The sixteen lines that concern us have no title, but, as they concern the building of a “new Jerusalem”, the name has stuck in the public imagination and everyone understands “Blake’s Jerusalem” to mean this poem.
The fame of the poem was assured in 1916 when set to music by Sir Hubert Parry. It became a patriotic hymn during World War I and the anthem of the Women’s Institute. It has also been suggested as a suitable candidate for an English National Anthem for use at sporting and other occasions. The sixteen lines, originally written as four four-line stanzas, divide into two distinct parts. The first eight lines comprise four questions, each beginning “And”. The first of these pairs is:
“And did those feet in ancient time / Walk upon England’s mountains green?
And was the holy Lamb of God / On England’s pleasant pastures seen?”
This refers to the ancient legend that, as a boy, Jesus of Nazareth was taken by his great-uncle, Joseph of Arimathea, on one of the latter’s trading visits to England. Although there is absolutely no evidence for this claim, it is just about possible that a metals trader from ancient Palestine, which Joseph could have been, made visits to Cornwall, which was a vital source of tin and other metals that were traded with various parts of the Roman Empire. Why would he not have taken his young great-nephew on such a trip? One can imagine young Jesus begging his parents to let him go and their eventual giving in to his entreaties.
So, if the boy Jesus did visit England, in Blake’s eyes that made England a special place by having been blessed by the “Countenance Divine”. It also made England a prime candidate for the building of “New Jerusalem”.
The fourth couplet of the poem reads:
“And was Jerusalem builded here / Among these dark Satanic mills?”
This refers not only to Jesus bringing “Jerusalem”
with him, but to three words that have given rise to much speculation as to their meaning. It has long been thought that the dark Satanic mills must be the wool and cotton mills of the Industrial Revolution that was getting into full swing during Blake’s lifetime.
One consequence was that thousands of people migrated from the countryside to take jobs in the new factories. They worked long hours in dangerous environments for the lowest wages that the factory owners could get away with, living in cramped, hastily-built housing that was blighted by the smoke and pollution of the nearby factories. “Satanic” was a fitting description for the social distress caused by the changes, and of which anti-establishment poets such as Blake were well aware.
However, other explanations have been put forward. One is that the reference is to the “Albion Flour Mill”, that was close to where Blake had once lived. Another is that the mills are the grindstones of the Universities, or the Church, both of which were targets for Blake’s anger. Another thought is that Blake, who was living in Sussex at the time he wrote the poem, was referring to the many windmills that had been erected in the area to increase the flour supply during Napoleon’s blockade of Britain. Why Satanic? Because Blake had just read “Don Quixote”, in which the hero does battle with enemy knights who turn out to be windmills.
Whatever the explanation, Blake clearly has a negative attitude to the mills, and sees Jerusalem as a force of good that can defeat their evil.
The second pair of stanzas takes a very different turn. The questioning ends and, in its place, the poet becomes a man of action, determined to take up arms in the “mental fight” to build Jerusalem “in England’s green and pleasant land”. Reminiscence on past legend gives way to present resolve and future intention.
The third stanza comprises four commands to some person or persons unknown:
“Bring me my Bow of burning gold / Bring me my Arrows of desire
Bring me my Spear: O clouds unfold! / Bring me my Chariot of Fire.”
This is very powerful imagery that cannot be taken literally. It would, for example, be difficult to wield a bow and arrows and a spear at the same time! We find in the next stanza that Blake also intends to arm himself with a sword, so he will certainly have his hands full if attempting to control a fiery chariot along with everything else!

"And did those feet in ancient time" is a short poem by William Blake from the preface to his epic Milton a Poem, one of a collection of writings known as the Prophetic Books. The date on the title page of 1804 for Milton is probably when the plates were begun, but the poem was printed c. 1808.[1] Today it is best known as the anthem "Jerusalem", with music written by Sir Hubert Parry in 1916.

The poem was inspired by the apocryphal story that a young Jesus, accompanied by his uncle Joseph of Arimathea, a tin merchant, travelled to the area that is now England and visited Glastonbury during Jesus' lost years.[2] The legend is linked to an idea in the Book of Revelation (3:12 and 21:2) describing a Second Coming, wherein Jesus establishes a new Jerusalem. The Christian Church in general, and the English Church in particular, used Jerusalem as a metaphor for Heaven, a place of universal love and peace.[3]

In the most common interpretation of the poem, Blake implies that a visit of Jesus would briefly create heaven in England, in contrast to the "dark Satanic Mills" of the Industrial Revolution. Analysts note that Blake asks four questions rather than asserting the historical truth of Christ's visit. According to this view, the poem says that there may, or may not, have been a divine visit, when there was briefly heaven in England.[4][5]

 

Ah, Sunflower by William Blake critical overview

Ah, Sunflower! Weary of time belongs to a special class of poems capable of projecting vivid symbolism and instill a thought process with little textual phrases.  It is another masterpiece from Blake with deep symbolic interpretation.  As such we’ve presented a very detailed analysis of the poem and inputs from  your end are appreciated!
Setting of the Poem:
The sunflower represents a man who is bound to earth, but is pinning for eternity. The face of the sunflower follows the course of the Sun in the hope of reaching a land which is indifferent to frustration and restriction.
Ah, Sunflower! Weary of time,
Who countest the steps of the Sun;
Seeking after the sweet golden clime,
Where the traveller’s journey is done;
Annotations and Explanation:
Ah indicates the regret of the speaker ; Sunflower symbolizes man who feels frustrated by the worldly restrains; weary of time: the sunflower is fed up with its life on earth; Who countess…Sun: The sunflower counts the step of the Sun because it turns in the direction of the sun; seeking: searching or in quest for; clime: world; seeking…clime: The sunflower searches the golden world which is the land of freedom; where the… done: The sunflower seeks a world where the seeker stops and at peace having reached his goal.
Where the Youth pined away with desire
And the pale Virgin shrouded in snow
Arise from their graves, and aspire
Where my Sunflower wishes to go.
Annotations and Explanation:
Pine away with desire: pine means desire, but the phrase means to suffer slowly or silent withering (as of sunflower); shrouded in snow: buried in snow; aspire: yearn; where my  sunflower wishes to do: the sunflower wishes to go to the golden world where everybody is free.
Theme of Ah, Sunflower
The very beginning is extraordinary and expressive.  The very first line enthralls the readers to the uniqueness of the poem. The poem with its suggestive symbolism leaves a sustained impact on the mind of the readers.
The sunflower is tired of its existence, perhaps because of this restrictive world. The sunflower symbolizes a man who is also a traveler. Thus, the sunflower seeks the world of liberty, the golden world where every youth and virgin wish to go. Even the death cannot stop them, they would continue to seek for the Golden world as haunted spirits! All three- The sunflower, the young man and the  virgin are seekers of the golden land.
The Image of Sunflower:
Blake might have accepted the image of Sunflower from Thomas Taylor’s translations. He could have also chosen the image from Ovid’s Metamorphoses.
The Mythology:
In mythology, the nymph Clytie’s love for Hyperion, the sun god goes unrequited and she died. She transformed into a flower which tracks the sun during the day as a sunflower does. Both Sun and Sunflower are considered to affirm life.

In mythology, the nymph Clytie dies from unrequited love for Hyperion, the sun god. She transforms into a flower which tracks the sun during the day, as the sunflower does. Since the sun is traditionally seen as the source of life, the sunflower can also be used as an image which affirms life. In Christianity, the sun’s rising is the East is seen as a sign of resurrection and thus, eternal life.

Critical Analysis of Ah, Sunflower
The central idea of the poem is not transparent in Blake’s Ah, Sunflower. That’s why I’ve introduced the theme, the reference of the original inspiration for the poem and now, we’ll be able to closely apprehend the actual interpretation of the poem. The central idea of this song is to understand the feelings of all young men and women who are robbed of their appetite for love. Because of this,
The Youth pines away with desire
The pale Virgin shrouded in snow
It is the earthly pathos that are made to coincide with the image of the sunflower. The sunflower whose head  points at the sun, yet it is firmly rooted in the earth is Blake’s symbol for all those lives which are dominated by longing. Blake didn’t really exaggerated his idea and assumed his poem will do the work by itself. Ah, Sunflower belongs to a class of very rare poems in which inspiration creates the very enchantment.
The Theme of Eternity and Symbolic Interpretation:
The poem has a critical symbolic meaning and supports varied criticisms. The sunflower lives on earth where it is dominated by time. The sunflower lives as a slave of time and wish to attain immortality. That’s why it looks at the sun who lives in eternity. The irony lies in the fact, the  sun itself withers the flower and dooms it to death. The “sweet golden chime” refers to the legendary Golden Age that comes when the course of sun, moon, earth and all the universe is complete.
The phrase, ‘pine away’ bears special significance as it may also refer to ‘Narcissus of Ovid’s Metamorphoses. Narcissus on seeing his reflection on water, falls in love and later transforms himself into a flower of melancholy after his own name.
Thus the youth who pines away with desire is not only Narcissus, acquiring some celestial heights, but also refers to the Narcissus flower blooming from mother earth’s grave.
“Pale Virgin shrouded in snow” may remind us of Proserpine who was abducted by King of Hades. Later, her mother Cares, in search of Proserpine comes to Hades and puts her claim.
Elements of Optimism and Pessimism Intermixed:
The poem, Ah Sunflower portrays the optimistic outlook- The sunflower’s aspiration for immortality and a world of perfection. The idea of pessimism emanates on thinking the wintering away of the sunflower and its incapability of achieving eternal life.

A Poison Tree William Blake: Critique and Appraisal

Human beings, along with the ability to reason and question, possess the capacity to hate, and yet also to forgive. Unfortunately, forgiving someone is not always as easy as holding a grudge against them and this lack of control over one’s actions is inherent to human nature. In “A poison tree”, William Blake critically discusses these two opposing forces, uncovering the inherent weakness in humans, and the effects of these innate flaws.

Through the use of extended metaphors and vivid imagery, Blake symbolically portrays this fundamental flaw through the poem. The central theme in the poem is hatred and anger, dominating much of the author’s thoughts. Blake expresses this through the introduction of a clever parallelism – the treatment of anger between a friend and a foe. Through this, Blake emphasizes the nature of anger – while expressing and letting go of wrath ends it, suppression nurtures it.  Blake startles the reader with the clarity of the poem, and with metaphors that can apply to many instances of life. A Poison Tree is an allegory. The tree here represents repressed wrath; the water represents fear; the apple is symbolic of the fruit of the deceit which results from repression. This deceit gives rise to the speaker’s action in laying a death-trap for his enemy. The deeper meaning of the poem is that aggressive feelings, if suppressed, almost certainly destroy personal relationships.

“And it grew both day and night
Till it bore an apple bright”

Blake further symbolizes this in the next two stanzas. He appears to metaphor the repression of anger and hatred to ‘a poison tree’, thus giving it an identity. The personification in “A Poison Tree” exists both as a means by which the poem’s metaphors are revealed, supported, and as a way for Blake to forecast the greater illustration of the wrath. The wrath the speaker feels is not directly personified as a tree, but as something that grows slowly and bears fruit. In the opening stanza the speaker states, “My wrath did grow.” The speaker later describes the living nature of the wrath as one which, “grew both day and night,” and, “bore an apple bright.” This comparison by personification of wrath to a tree illustrates the speaker’s idea that, like the slow and steady growth of a tree, anger and wrath gradually accumulate and form just as mighty and deadly as a poisoned tree.

“And I water’ d it in fears,          
Night and morning with my tears;
And I sunned it with smiles,
And with soft deceitful wiles”

To understand the metaphorical sense of the poem, one must first examine the title, “A Poison Tree,” which alerts the reader that some type of metaphor will stand to dominate the poem. In the second stanza, Blake employs several metaphors that reflect the growing and nurturing of a tree which compare to the feeding of hate and vanity explored by the speaker. The verses, “And I watered it …with my tears” show how the tears life lead an object of destruction. The speaker goes further to say, “And I sunned it with smiles” describing not only false intentions, but the processing of “sunning”, giving nutrients to a plant so that it may not only grow and live, but flourish. In both of these metaphors, the basic elements for a tree to survive, water and sunlight are shown in human despair and sadness.

Blake called the original draft of “A Poison Tree” “Christian Forbearance,” suggesting that what is meant to appear as a gentle attitude is often a mask for disdain and anger. Furthermore, Blake believed that the attitudes of piety that adherents of conventional Christianity were taught to maintain actually led to hypocrisy, causing people to pretend to be friendly and accepting when they were not. The righteousness that the conventional religion prescribed, Blake believed, allowed people to hide evil intent and to perform evil deeds, such as stifling the healthy growth of children, under the cover of appearing virtuous.

“And into my garden stole
When the night had veiled the pole

In the morning glad I see
My foe outstretched beneath the tree”

The religious context of the poem is also evident in two metaphorical allusions made by the speaker towards the end of the poem. Blake, being a religious visionary, has also criticized the views and actions of Christianity. This is evident in the symbol of the ‘poison tree’, which can be seen to make direct biblical reference to the tree of knowledge, representing the evil existing within man. Thus, as the garden is symbolic of the Garden of Eden, the apple is symbolic of apple which brought Adam and eve to their demise. It is the evil and poison that is bared from anger, the fruit of the poison tree. As in the biblical story, the apple here is beautiful on the outside, while poisonous and deadly underneath. By presenting the apple, Black is symbolic of the Serpent, maliciously deceiving his foe and bringing his demise. The serpent in Black is his weakness, and just like he, all humans have this inherent flaw inside of them. Black uses this to criticize Christian forgiveness, expressing that while Christians believe in ‘turning the other cheek’, by forgiving and repressing anger, they are ignoring the basic flaw existing in our human nature.  Symbolically, the speaker represents God, the foe and garden represent Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden, and the tree represents the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil in Genesis. If this analogy is true, it shows God rejoicing in killing his enemies, which most people think the God they know would never do.

Conclusively, “A Poison Tree” teaches a lesson and asserts a moral proposition rather than offering a critique of a theological system, the lesson is less concerned with anger than with demonstrating that suppressing the expression of feelings leads to a corruption of those feelings, to a decay of innocence, and to the growth of cunning and guile. Repeatedly in Songs of Experience, not just in “A Poison Tree,” Blake argues that the religious doctrines intended to train people, especially children, in virtue are cruel and cause harm. In addition, Blake depicts those who implement religious discipline as sadistic. Blake’s poetry, while easy to understand and simplistic, usually implies a moral motif on an almost basic level. The powerful figurative language in “A Poison Tree” is so apparent that it brings forth an apparent message as well. The poem is not a celebration of wrath; rather it is Blake’s cry against it. Through this, Blake warns the reader of the dangers of repression and of rejoicing in the sorrow of our foes.